![]() Despite its simplicity and ease-of-reproduction, this classification does not consistently predict the extent of the injury in the tibiofibular syndesmosis, as several studies have already demonstrated, since type B and C fractures can be treated in a similar way regardless of the location, according to the presence or absence of ligament instability at the site. 7ĭanis 8 and Weber 9 proposed another classification system based on the localization of the main fibular fracture line, dividing the fractures into three groups: type A (below the syndesmosis level), type B (at the syndesmosis level), and type C (above the syndesmosis). 4, 5, 6 According to this classification, the supine-eversion pattern is the most frequent in emergency departments, with a prevalence ranging from 40% to 75%. The first term indicates the position of the foot at the time of injury and the second refers to the direction of the force applied to the foot at the time of the trauma. The fractures are classified into four groups: supination-adduction, supination-eversion, pronation-eversion, and pronation-abduction. Lauge-Hansen, 4 through cadaveric experiments, proposed a classification system that correlates the lines of ankle fractures with certain trauma mechanisms. Although this classification is intuitive and easy to reproduce, it does not distinguish stable and unstable injuries, nor does it guide treatment. The first classification methodology for ankle fractures was developed by Percival Pott apud Budny and Young, 1 which described the number of fractured malleoli, stratifying the lesions as unimalleolar, bimalleolar, or trimalleolar. ![]() Once the fracture has been well defined, the key to a successful outcome lies in the anatomical restoration of the structures involved for tibiotalar joint reconstruction. The assessment of a suspected ankle fracture includes detailed medical history, physical examination, appropriate radiographic examination, and initial treatment options. 1 The treatment of these fractures depends on the careful identification of the extent of bone lesions, as well as the damage to the soft tissues and ligaments. ![]() Incidence in elderly women has tripled in the last 30 years, due to population aging. ![]() These injuries tend to have a bimodal distribution, peaking in young men and elderly women. ![]() Ankle fractures are among the most common injuries treated by orthopedic surgeons they account for 9% of all fractures and 36% of all lower limb fractures, generating an annual cost of US$ 10 billion per year in that country. Ankle injuries account for 5 million emergency department visits in the United States, 85% of which are sprains and the remaining 15%, fractures. ![]()
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